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Certified Paraoptometric (CPO) Exam
and solution 2024
Just in Time (JIT) \ CORRECT ANSWER IS A strategy to improve a business return on investment. Return on Investment (ROI) \ CORRECT ANSWER IS A measurement of success of a project; the percent of profit earned on an investment. An optometrist is licensed by which governing body: \ CORRECT ANSWER IS State The person generally responsible for grinding or duplicating lenses is the: \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Optician A doctor of medicine specializing in surgery is an: \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Ophthalmologist Ophthalmic Medical Personnel can do all BUT \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Offer medical diagnoses A person who collects patient data, administers tests of the patient's visual capabilities, and assists in office management would be best described as a/an \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Paraoptometric Which is not a part of implementing HIPAA? \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Unlimited PHI disclosure for staff developing crisis. Which is not required for documentation of released PHI? \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Age, name, password Ciliary Muscle \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The muscle inside of the eyeball that alters the shape of the crystalline lens. It has direct control over the focusing ability of the eye. Medial Rectus \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The most powerful of the extraocular muscles. Turns the eye toward the nose. Inferior Rectus \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Its primary action is to turn the eye downward. Lateral Rectus \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Its only action is to move the eyes away from the nose. Superior Rectus \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Its primary action is to move the eye upward. Superior Oblique \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Rotates eye down and inward
Inferior Oblique \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Rotates eye up and outward Anterior Chamber \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The area inside the eye, behind the cornea, and in front of the iris. Aqueous humor \ CORRECT ANSWER IS a clear, watery fluid produced by the ciliary body. It provides nutrients for the lens and posterior cornea. Choroid \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Sandwiched between the sclera and the retina. This nourishes the retina. Conjunctiva \ CORRECT ANSWER IS clear, cellophane-like tissue that covers the sclera and the inside surface of the eyelids. Fovea Centralis \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Area in the macula where visual acuity is the sharpest. Macula \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The central part of the retina, which is used for seeing detail. Posterior Chamber \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The area behind the iris and in front of the lens. Rods \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Photoreceptors that provide black/white vision and are the most sensitive. Cones \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Photoreceptors responsible for color vision and for clear central vision. Sclera \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The white portion of the eye made up of a tough, fibrous tissue that gives shape and structure to the eyeball. Vitreous Humor \ CORRECT ANSWER IS A thick, clear, jelly-like substance that fills the eye between the lens and the retina. This serves to support the retina and helps keep the eye round. Ocular Adnexa \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The adjacent structures of the eye, such as eyelids, lashes, eyebrows, lacrimal apparatus, tarsal plates, orbit, extraocular muscles and conjunctiva. Sinuses \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Air spaces within the bones. Lacrimal Gland \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The gland that supplies most of the tears to the eye.
A-, An- \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (without) Aniso- \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (different) Ex- \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (away from, out of) Para- \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (beside, beyond, around) Peri- \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (surrounding) Retro- \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (backward) -ia \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (diseased or abnormal state) -meter \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (measurer) -opia \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (vision condition) -osis \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (abnormal condition) -scope \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (instrument used for examination) -al,-ic,-ous \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (pertaining to) Blephar \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (eyelid) Chrom \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (color) Conjunctiv \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (conjunctiva) Cor, Core \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (pupil) Corne, Kerat \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (cornea) Dipl \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (double) IRID, IRI \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (iris) Ocul, Opthalm \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (eye) OPT \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (vision) Orth \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (straight) Papill \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (optical nerve head)
Path \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (disease) Phot \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (light) Retin \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (retina) Scler \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (sclera) TON \ CORRECT ANSWER IS (tension, pressure) Anterior \ CORRECT ANSWER IS located on, or near, the front of an organ Posterior \ CORRECT ANSWER IS located on, or near, the back of an organ Superior \ CORRECT ANSWER IS situated above, or directed upward Inferior \ CORRECT ANSWER IS situated below, or directed downward Medial \ CORRECT ANSWER IS pertaining to the middle or midline Lateral \ CORRECT ANSWER IS pertaining to the side or a position farther away from the midline. Cycloplegic drugs \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Dilate the pupil by temporarily paralyzing the muscle that constricts the pupil, and preventing accommodation by paralyzing the ciliary muscle. Anesthetic Drugs \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Cause a temporary numbing of a nerve, which results in loss of feeling in the surrounding area. (A drug with the suffix -caine). Ophthalmic stains, or dyes \ CORRECT ANSWER IS are topically used to stain the eye for Goldmann applanation tonometry, outline defective area of the cornea, and aid in fitting gas-permeable lenses. The _______ is a clear, cellophane-like tissue that lines the inside surface of the eyelids. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Palpebral conjunctiva The _______ muscle has direct control over the focusing ability of the eye. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Ciliary The choroid consists primarily of blood vessels that nourish the: \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Retina The _______ is the area located inside the eye, behind the iris, and in front of the lens.
CORRECT ANSWER IS Posterior Chamber
Thickening of the connective tissue on the sides of the cornea, usually in the 3 & 9 o'clock positions \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Pinguecula (yellowish in color, on the eye next to cornea and iris) The retina pulls away from the rest of the eyeball. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Retinal detachment These are caused by mechanical simulation of nerves in the retina \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Flashes Caused by debris in the tears and in the fluid inside the eye \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Floaters Cover/Uncover test \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Examines the binocular relationship of the eyes. Visual Acuity \ CORRECT ANSWER IS A measure of the finest detail the eye can detect. Snellen \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The letters most often used to measure acuity at distance. Keratometry \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Measures the curvature of the cornea. It also determines the focusing power of the cornea. Retinoscopy \ CORRECT ANSWER IS An objective measure of the refractive power. Tonometry \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Used to measure the intraocular pressure in the eye. It is also one of the tests used to diagnose glaucoma. Pupil Dilation \ CORRECT ANSWER IS In order to get a more complete look at the back of the eye, _______ is often done as part of a complete eye exam. Nevus \ CORRECT ANSWER IS A mole; small and flat usually pigmented area; benign tumor made of specific cells found in skin and eye tissue. Fundus \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Interior posterior surface of the eyeball Posterior Pole \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Refers to the retina between the optic nerve and macular area Arcades \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Normal pattern of retinal blood vessels as they leave the optic nerve head and arch around the macula.
Cotton Wool Spots \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Fluffy-looking white deposits resembling small tufts of cotton within the retinal nerve fiber layer that represent small patches if retina that have lost their blood supply from vessel obstruction. Exudates \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Protein or fatty fluid that leaks from blood vessels into retinal tissue Pachymetry \ CORRECT ANSWER IS An instrument that measures the thickness of the cornea. Useful in monitoring the progression of certain disorders that cause the cornea to become thickened resulting in a loss of vision. Also used to determine whether the cornea is strong enough for refractive surgery procedures. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) \ CORRECT ANSWER IS a laser-based, non- contact, non- invasive imaging technique that is capable of obtaining high-resolution images of the retina and its components. Hyperopia \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Also known as farsightedness. Extended Wear Contact Lenses \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Approved for wearing twenty-four hours, including sleeping. Presbyopia \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The loss of the ability to see clearly at a near distance, caused by the crystalline lens losing its ability to change shape, or accommodate. Base Curve Radius (BCR; BC) \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The primary curve on the posterior or backside of the lens. Designed to approximate the shape of the cornea. Overall Diameter (OAD) \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The size of the lens when measured from edge to edge at the widest point. Optical Zone Diameter (OZD; OZ) \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The cental area or zone that provides optical correction for the patient's vision is called _______. Peripheral Curves \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Additional curves on the back surface of the lens that surround the optical zone to help tailor the contact lens fit to the individual patient. _______ is the term for the condition in which an image will focus on the back of the retina when accommodation is relaxed. These patients will not require any corrective prescription lenses. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Emmetropia What type of ametropia occurs when an image is focused in front of the retina and is usually caused by the eye being too long? \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Myopia
What is the ability of the eyes to focus objects from distance to near called?
CORRECT ANSWER IS Accommodation What is with accommodation relaxed and the image in the eye focused directly on the retina called? \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Emmetropia What is with accommodation relaxed and the image in the eye focused theoretically behind the eye resulting in blurry vision called? \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Hyperopia What is with accommodation relaxed and the image in the eye focused before the retina resulting in blurry distant vision called? \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Myopia What is the loss of ability to see clearly at near called? \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Presbyopia What is a nonspecific term that means the patient has a refractive condition called?
CORRECT ANSWER IS Ametropia. In order to get a more complete look at the back of the eye, _______ is often done as part of a complete eye examination. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Pupil dilation The technical term for pressure inside of the eye is known as _______. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Intraocular pressure The test used to measure the pressure inside the eye is called _______. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Tonometry The specific instrument used to measure the pressure inside the eye is called a _______. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Goldman tonometer Conditions that affect the whole body are called _______ diseases. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Systemic An instrument that measures the curvature of the cornea is called a/an \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Keratometer or ophthalmometer An instrument that is worn on the examiners head and used to view the back of the eye is called a: \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope A test that does not requre responses from the patient is called a: \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Objective The instrument that is used for manual refracting is called a/an \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Phoropter
The part of the eye examination that serves as a guide for the tests to be performed during the office visit is called a _______. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Case History An instrument that can obtain an estimate of the patient's prescription without the patient's response is called a/an_______. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Retinoscope The term that represents how well the two eyes work together is known as _______.
CORRECT ANSWER IS Binocular vision An instrument that gives the examiner a magnified view of the structures of the eye - particularly the front structures of the eye - is called a/an _______. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Biomicroscope or slit lamp The area in space that is visible to the eye is called _______. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Visual Field What is the prescription strength of the lens called? \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Lens power What is the primary curve on the backside of the lens called? \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Base Curve Radius What are additional curves on the lens that surrounds the optical zone called?
CORRECT ANSWER IS Peripheral curves What is the center area of the lens that provides optical correction for the patient's vision? \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Optical Zone What is the measurement from edge to edge of the lens at the widest point called?
CORRECT ANSWER IS Overall Diameter Soft or Rigid Lens? Made from materials that are oxygen-permeable but do not absorb water. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Rigid Soft or Rigid Lens? Shorter adaptation period to the lens. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Soft Soft or Rigid Lens? Once referred to as "hard" lenses. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Rigid Soft or Rigid Lens? Generally provides sharper vision. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Rigid Soft or Rigid Lens? Made from materials that absorb water. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Soft
Bifocal lenses \ CORRECT ANSWER IS These lenses have powers for viewing at two distances. In most situations, the top of the lens allows clear vision at distance, and the bottom allows for clear vision at near. Trifocal lenses \ CORRECT ANSWER IS These lenses have powers for viewing at three distances. This adds an intermediate viewing. Progressive Addition Lenses (PAL) \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Instead of having two or three viewing distances, these lenses gradually change power starting at the top of the lens to the bottom. Glass \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Hardest surface, therefore the most scratch-resistant; easiest to break or shatter. CR-39 \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Less scratch-resistant, thought most lenses are treated to improve scratch-resistance, but will still scratch more than glass. Thicker than glass lenses, harder that glass to break. Polycarbonate \ CORRECT ANSWER IS They are much harder to break or shatter. They are a safety lens for children, athletes, and monocular patients. Thinner than CR-
Trivex \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Mid-Index lens. Thinner than glass, CR-39 and Poly. They are free from distortions and aberrations. High-Index Lenses \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The thinnest lens materials and thus provide a better cosmetic appearance for spectacles in higher prescriptions. Eyewire \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The part of the frame that surrounds each lens. The _______ holds the lens in place in the frame front. Bridge \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The part of the frame that connects the two eyewires together and supports the frame on the patient's nose. Hinge \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Connects the frame front to the temples. The hinge allows the temples to fold in behind the frame front so that the spectacles will occupy less space and fit into a case or pocket. Nosepads \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Are located on the eyewire, near the area where the bridge is attached. They distribute the weight of the frame onto the sides of the nose to make the frame more comfortable to wear. Temples \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Extend from the frame front, back alongside the head, and over the ear of the wearer. Temples are made up of the butt portion, dowel hole, shield, bend, and earpiece.
"A" Measurement \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Eyesize; the widest horizontal dimension of the lens opening. "B" Measurement \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The most vertical dimension of the lens opening. "ED" (effective diameter) \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Measures the largest diameter through the lens. By representing the widest part of the lens, you can determine what size lens blank must be used in order to have the lens fit in the frame. Distance Between Lenses (DBL) \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Also known as the Bridge size, represents the distance separating the two lenses. Pupillary Distance \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The distance between the centers of the pupil of each eye. Seg height \ CORRECT ANSWER IS The height of the reading portion of a multi-focal lens as measured from the deepest part of the eyewire to a reference point, such as the lower eyelid or pupil center. Vertex Distance \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Describes the distance from the back of the glasses lens to the cornea. Pantoscopic Angle (Tilt) \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Refers to the angle the temple of the frame makes with the frame front. The bottom should be closer to the cheeks than the top of the eyewire is to the eyebrows. _______lenses are also called convex lenses. They are thick in the center and thin on the edges. Light rays passing through these lenses will be converged. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Plus lenses _______lenses are thin in the center and thick on the edges. Objects viewed through these lenses will appear smaller or minified. Light rays passing through these lenses will be diverged. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Minus lenses What instrument is used to verify the spectacle prescription? \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Lensometer When viewing a lens through the instrument above, you take the following measurements: sphere +2.50, cylinder -1.75, axis 172. How would the prescription for this lens be written? \ CORRECT ANSWER IS +2.50 -1.75 x True or False: A prism's shape is similar to a pyramid. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS True True or False:
A mid-index lens material that is thinner than glass or CR-39. Free from distortion and aberration and able to be used as a safety lens. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Trivex Constrictors \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Miotics A layer located behind the retina and absorbs unused radiation \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Choroid Computer-assisted method of mapping the surface curvature of the cornea.
CORRECT ANSWER IS Topography Dilators \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Mydriatics A test that measures the pressure inside your eye - which is called intraocular pressure. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Tonometry Supplies most of the tears to the eye \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Lacrimal gland Tropicamide - Atropine - Phenylephrine \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Eye dilators Proparacain - Tetracaine - Cocaine \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Eye anaesthetics The ability to maintain visual focus on an object with both eyes creating a single visual image. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Binocular vision Measurement of the curvature of the cornea. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Keratometry An ophthalmic stain - available in liquid form and is the most commonly used ophthalmic dye. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Sodium Fluorescein Outermost transparent layer of the eye. Begins focusing process. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Cornea Opening to the inner eye. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Pupil Controls size of pupil. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Iris Focuses image of object (On retina) \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Lens Contains cells that detect light. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Retina Controls shape of the eye. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Ciliary Muscle Transmits information to the brain. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Optic Nerve 1.00 prism diopter deviates light - \ CORRECT ANSWER IS 1 centimeter at 1 meter
Spherical lenses deviate rays of light in: \ CORRECT ANSWER IS -the same direction Light passing through a plus lens will be \ CORRECT ANSWER IS converged Light passing through a minus lens will be \ CORRECT ANSWER IS diverged The part of the frame that surrounds each lens, holding the lens in place within the frame, is the: \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Eyewire The part of the frame that extends from the frame front, back alongside the head, and over the ear of the wearer is the: \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Temple A picture representation of the pressure points between the eyeglasses frame and the patient's head is the: \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Fitting Triangle Which of the following tilts results when a pair of spectacles is tilted so that the bottom of the lenses is closer to the face than the top? \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Pantoscopic The largest diameter through the lens is called the: \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Effective diameter A lens that converges parallel light is called: \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Convex, Plus A unit of measure for ophthalmic lenses is called \ CORRECT ANSWER IS diopter A lens that displaces light rather than focus light is called \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Prism A _______ lens diverges parallel light. \ CORRECT ANSWER IS concave, minus A lens that has one curve is called a \ CORRECT ANSWER IS Spherical The point of a prism is called the \ CORRECT ANSWER IS apex A lens where one part has no power and 90 degrees away there is power is called a
CORRECT ANSWER IS planocylindrical A lens used to treat myopia/hyperopia and astigmatism is called a \ CORRECT ANSWER IS spherocylindrical The middle value of a lens prescription is called the \ CORRECT ANSWER IS cylindrical The position of the cylinder in the lens is called the \ CORRECT ANSWER IS axis
